In this tutorial you will learn how to
- set up an abstract network using edge types,
- create repeatedly identical vehicles using flows,
- reroute vehicles dynamically such that they drive endlessly,
- analyze output files using the sumolib python library,
and as a bonus how to
- use socket output for online evaluation and saving disk space.
Despite the keywords online, socket, and python API, this tutorial does not cover any TraCI related content.
Network setup#
The goal is to build a simple network where the vehicles drive in circles so we setup four nodes for the corners as follows (circular.nod.xml):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<nodes version="0.13" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://sumo.sf.net/xsd/nodes_file.xsd">
<node id="bottom-left" x="0" y="0"/>
<node id="bottom-right" x="1250" y="0"/>
<node id="top-right" x="1250" y="1250"/>
<node id="top-left" x="0" y="1250"/>
</nodes>
All edges connecting the nodes should have the same number of lanes and the same maximum speed. In order to save on typing we define the edge type in a separate file (circular.typ.xml):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<types xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://sumo.sf.net/xsd/types_file.xsd">
<type id="edgeType" numLanes="2" speed="36.1"/>
</types>
Finally we define the edges connecting the nodes (circular.edg.xml):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<edges version="0.13" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://sumo.sf.net/xsd/edges_file.xsd">
<edge from="bottom-left" id="bottom" to="bottom-right" type="edgeType"/>
<edge from="bottom-right" id="right" to="top-right" type="edgeType"/>
<edge from="top-right" id="top" to="top-left" type="edgeType"/>
<edge from="top-left" id="left" to="bottom-left" type="edgeType"/>
</edges>
The netconvert call is very straightforward
netconvert -n circular.nod.xml -t circular.typ.xml -e circular.edg.xml -o circular.net.xml
In order to simplify the resulting net (and get the highest speed out of the simulation) we omit turnarounds and simplify the movement over junctions by removing the junction internal lanes. The complete netconvert configuration file (circular.netccfg):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://sumo.sf.net/xsd/netconvertConfiguration.xsd">
<input>
<node-files value="circular.nod.xml"/>
<edge-files value="circular.edg.xml"/>
<type-files value="circular.typ.xml"/>
</input>
<output>
<output-file value="circular.net.xml"/>
</output>
<processing>
<no-internal-links value="true"/>
<no-turnarounds value="true"/>
</processing>
</configuration>
Call netconvert again using this configuration file:
netconvert -c circular.netcfg
Try
sumo-gui -n circular.net.xml
for a look at the final network.
Route and flow setup#
Next, we define routes and traffic flows. Open a new file called circular.rou.xml and insert the following vehicle type definitions for cars and trucks:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<routes xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://sumo.sf.net/xsd/routes_file.xsd">
<vType accel="1.5" decel="4.5" id="car" length="5" maxSpeed="36.1"/>
<vType accel="0.4" decel="4.5" id="truck" length="12" maxSpeed="22.2"/>
</routes>
For further details, see the vehicle type attributes description. Since our network's edges are uni-directional, we want to define corresponding circular routes, i.e., counter-clockwise, as follows:
<route id="routeRight" edges="bottom right top left"/>
<route id="routeLeft" edges="top left bottom right"/>
<route id="routeTop" edges="right top left bottom"/>
<route id="routeBottom" edges="left bottom right top"/>
Add these lines just before the closing </routes> element. More information on defining your own routes can be found here.
Finally, we define traffic flows on these routes. For each route, we want a flow for cars as well as for trucks:
<flow begin="0" departPos="free" id="carRight" period="1" number="70" route="routeRight" type="car"/>
<flow begin="0" departPos="free" id="carTop" period="1" number="70" route="routeTop" type="car"/>
<flow begin="0" departPos="free" id="carLeft" period="1" number="70" route="routeLeft" type="car"/>
<flow begin="0" departPos="free" id="carBottom" period="1" number="70" route="routeBottom" type="car"/>
<flow begin="0" departPos="free" id="truckRight" period="1" number="30" route="routeRight" type="truck"/>
<flow begin="0" departPos="free" id="truckTop" period="1" number="30" route="routeTop" type="truck"/>
<flow begin="0" departPos="free" id="truckLeft" period="1" number="30" route="routeLeft" type="truck"/>
<flow begin="0" departPos="free" id="truckBottom" period="1" number="30" route="routeBottom" type="truck"/>
These lines can be inserted just after the route definitions. More on the attributes of the flow element can be found here.
Rerouters#
Currently, all flows taking one of the defined routes leave the simulation as soon as they reach their route's destination.
In order to obtain endlessly driving vehicles, we need to define rerouters.
Thus, we create a file called circular.add.xml which defines a rerouter on the edges bottom and top each, such that vehicles continue on routes routeRight and routeLeft, respectively.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<additional xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://sumo.sf.net/xsd/additional_file.xsd">
<rerouter id="rerouterBottom" edges="bottom">
<interval begin="0" end="100000">
<routeProbReroute id="routeRight" />
</interval>
</rerouter>
<rerouter id="rerouterTop" edges="top">
<interval begin="0" end="100000">
<routeProbReroute id="routeLeft" />
</interval>
</rerouter>
</additional>
Putting it all together#
With all input files (network, routes, rerouters) completed, we can create a SUMO configuration file circular.sumocfg:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://sumo.sf.net/xsd/sumoConfiguration.xsd">
<input>
<net-file value="circular.net.xml"/>
<additional-files value="circular.rou.xml,circular.add.xml"/>
</input>
<output>
<netstate-dump value="dump.xml"/>
</output>
<time>
<begin value="0"/>
<end value="1000"/>
</time>
</configuration>
Note that the routes file circular.rou.xml is declared as an additionals file here to prevent a referencing error due to the loading order of input files.
Since we want to analyze the output from the simulation later on, we also define the output file dump.xml storing the complete network state (cf. Output Options and RawDump).